登录添加验证码是一个非常常见的需求,网上也有非常成熟的解决方案,其实,要是自己自定义登录实现这个并不难,但是如果需要在 Spring Security 框架中实现这个功能,还得稍费一点功夫,本文就和小伙伴来分享下在 Spring Security 框架中如何添加验证码。
关于 Spring Security 基本配置,这里就不再多说,小伙伴有不懂的可以参考 http://springboot.javaboy.org/,本文主要来看如何加入验证码功能。
准备验证码
要有验证码,首先得先准备好验证码,本文采用 Java 自画的验证码,代码如下:
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public class VerifyCode {
private int width = 100; private int height = 50; private String[] fontNames = { "宋体", "楷体", "隶书", "微软雅黑" }; private Color bgColor = new Color(255, 255, 255); private Random random = new Random(); private String codes = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; private String text;
private Color randomColor() { int red = random.nextInt(150); int green = random.nextInt(150); int blue = random.nextInt(150); return new Color(red, green, blue); }
private Font randomFont() { String name = fontNames[random.nextInt(fontNames.length)]; int style = random.nextInt(4); int size = random.nextInt(5) + 24; return new Font(name, style, size); }
private char randomChar() { return codes.charAt(random.nextInt(codes.length())); }
private BufferedImage createImage() { BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); g2.setColor(bgColor); g2.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); return image; }
public BufferedImage getImage() { BufferedImage image = createImage(); Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { String s = randomChar() + ""; sb.append(s); g2.setColor(randomColor()); g2.setFont(randomFont()); float x = i * width * 1.0f / 4; g2.drawString(s, x, height - 15); } this.text = sb.toString(); drawLine(image); return image; }
private void drawLine(BufferedImage image) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); int num = 5; for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) { int x1 = random.nextInt(width); int y1 = random.nextInt(height); int x2 = random.nextInt(width); int y2 = random.nextInt(height); g2.setColor(randomColor()); g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1.5f)); g2.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2); } }
public String getText() { return text; }
public static void output(BufferedImage image, OutputStream out) throws IOException { ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", out); } }
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这个工具类很常见,网上也有很多,就是画一个简单的验证码,通过流将验证码写到前端页面,提供验证码的 Controller 如下:
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| @RestController public class VerifyCodeController { @GetMapping("/vercode") public void code(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException { VerifyCode vc = new VerifyCode(); BufferedImage image = vc.getImage(); String text = vc.getText(); HttpSession session = req.getSession(); session.setAttribute("index_code", text); VerifyCode.output(image, resp.getOutputStream()); } }
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这里创建了一个 VerifyCode 对象,将生成的验证码字符保存到 session 中,然后通过流将图片写到前端,img 标签如下:
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| <img src="/vercode" alt="">
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展示效果如下:
自定义过滤器
在登陆页展示验证码这个就不需要我多说了,接下来我们来看看如何自定义验证码处理器:
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| @Component public class VerifyCodeFilter extends GenericFilterBean { private String defaultFilterProcessUrl = "/doLogin";
@Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res; if ("POST".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getMethod()) && defaultFilterProcessUrl.equals(request.getServletPath())) { String requestCaptcha = request.getParameter("code"); String genCaptcha = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("index_code"); if (StringUtils.isEmpty(requestCaptcha)) throw new AuthenticationServiceException("验证码不能为空!"); if (!genCaptcha.toLowerCase().equals(requestCaptcha.toLowerCase())) { throw new AuthenticationServiceException("验证码错误!"); } } chain.doFilter(request, response); } }
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自定义过滤器继承自 GenericFilterBean,并实现其中的 doFilter 方法,在 doFilter 方法中,当请求方法是 POST,并且请求地址是 /doLogin
时,获取参数中的 code 字段值,该字段保存了用户从前端页面传来的验证码,然后获取 session 中保存的验证码,如果用户没有传来验证码,则抛出验证码不能为空异常,如果用户传入了验证码,则判断验证码是否正确,如果不正确则抛出异常,否则执行 chain.doFilter(request, response);
使请求继续向下走。
配置
最后在 Spring Security 的配置中,配置过滤器,如下:
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| @Configuration public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired VerifyCodeFilter verifyCodeFilter; ... ... @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.addFilterBefore(verifyCodeFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class); http.authorizeRequests() .antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("admin") ... ... .permitAll() .and() .csrf().disable(); } }
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这里只贴出了部分核心代码,即 http.addFilterBefore(verifyCodeFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
,如此之后,整个配置就算完成了。
接下来在登录中,就需要传入验证码了,如果不传或者传错,都会抛出异常,例如不传的话,抛出如下异常:
本文案例,我已经上传到 GitHub ,欢迎大家 star:https://github.com/lenve/javaboy-code-samples
好了,本文就先说到这里,有问题欢迎留言讨论。